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LISEP’s mission is to help achieve shared economic prosperity for all Americans, particularly for middle- and low-income families.
Our focus is fact-based economic and policy research.
The first step toward achieving policies that promote shared economic prosperity is meaningful headline statistics. Our research reveals that the current headline statistics are misleading due to antiquated definitions.
LISEP has produced an initial set of more transparent economic indicators for unemployment, cost of living, and earnings.

LISEP’s Latest Economic Indicators:

True
Rate of Unemployment
Percentage of the U.S. labor force that is functionally unemployed:
23.9
%
September 2024
Versus Headline Unemployment:
4.1
%
Explore the TRU
True
Living Cost
Increase in the True Living Cost of basic necessities for low- and moderate-income Americans:
6.3
%
2021-2022
Versus Headline CPI:
8.0
%
Explore the TLC
True
Weekly Earnings
True Weekly Earnings of the median American worker:
$
982
Q3 2024
Versus Headline Earnings:
$
1,165
Explore the TWE
As Seen In:

Unemployment

Functional unemployment dropped by a half percentage point in September, with encouraging news for most demographic groups.

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True
Rate of Unemployment
23.9
%
September 2024
Headline
Rate of Unemployment
4.1
%
September 2024
Download a Summary of
September 2024
’s
TRU
TRU by Metropolitan Statistical Area
Select any state to see its True Rate of Unemployment Out of the Population
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Explore Local Unemployment Data
LISEP Local Analysis
Select any metropolitan statistical area to see its True Rate of Unemployment Out of the Population, True Weekly Earnings, and True Living Cost
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Explore LISEP Local Analysis
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The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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What Defines 'a Job', Really?
Gene Ludwig joins Beowulf Rochlen on Facepalm America to discuss 'functional unemployment' and how we can improve the well-being of middle- and lower-income Americans through economic research and education.
What Defines 'a Job', Really?
Gene Ludwig joins Beowulf Rochlen on Facepalm America to discuss 'functional unemployment' and how we can improve the well-being of middle- and lower-income Americans through economic research and education.
What Defines 'a Job', Really?
Gene Ludwig joins Beowulf Rochlen on Facepalm America to discuss 'functional unemployment' and how we can improve the well-being of middle- and lower-income Americans through economic research and education.
What Defines 'a Job', Really?
Gene Ludwig joins Beowulf Rochlen on Facepalm America to discuss 'functional unemployment' and how we can improve the well-being of middle- and lower-income Americans through economic research and education.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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If the Economy Is Hot, Why Are Voters So Frustrated?
Rarely has Washington stumbled on an issue more confounding than President Biden’s low approval ratings.
If the Economy Is Hot, Why Are Voters So Frustrated?
Rarely has Washington stumbled on an issue more confounding than President Biden’s low approval ratings.
If the Economy Is Hot, Why Are Voters So Frustrated?
Rarely has Washington stumbled on an issue more confounding than President Biden’s low approval ratings.
If the Economy Is Hot, Why Are Voters So Frustrated?
Rarely has Washington stumbled on an issue more confounding than President Biden’s low approval ratings.
LISEP News
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The Ludwig Report
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Bloomberg Markets: The Close
LISEP Chairman Gene Ludwig joins Romaine Bostick and Scarlet Fu on Bloomberg TV’s “The Close,” where they discuss the misperception that middle- and lower-income workers are thriving in the informal economy and the extent to which gig work or one-off jobs bridge the gap to functional employment.
Bloomberg Markets: The Close
LISEP Chairman Gene Ludwig joins Romaine Bostick and Scarlet Fu on Bloomberg TV’s “The Close,” where they discuss the misperception that middle- and lower-income workers are thriving in the informal economy and the extent to which gig work or one-off jobs bridge the gap to functional employment.
Bloomberg Markets: The Close
LISEP Chairman Gene Ludwig joins Romaine Bostick and Scarlet Fu on Bloomberg TV’s “The Close,” where they discuss the misperception that middle- and lower-income workers are thriving in the informal economy and the extent to which gig work or one-off jobs bridge the gap to functional employment.
Bloomberg Markets: The Close
LISEP Chairman Gene Ludwig joins Romaine Bostick and Scarlet Fu on Bloomberg TV’s “The Close,” where they discuss the misperception that middle- and lower-income workers are thriving in the informal economy and the extent to which gig work or one-off jobs bridge the gap to functional employment.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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The Invisible Workforce: Women in the Informal Economy
Women account for a disproportionately large share of the informal economy, a sector plagued by poverty, exploitation, and lack of social protections.
The Invisible Workforce: Women in the Informal Economy
Women account for a disproportionately large share of the informal economy, a sector plagued by poverty, exploitation, and lack of social protections.
The Invisible Workforce: Women in the Informal Economy
Women account for a disproportionately large share of the informal economy, a sector plagued by poverty, exploitation, and lack of social protections.
The Invisible Workforce: Women in the Informal Economy
Women account for a disproportionately large share of the informal economy, a sector plagued by poverty, exploitation, and lack of social protections.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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‘Informal Economy’ of No Help to Low-wage Earners, LISEP Study Shows
Even when accounting for unreported income, more than one in five American workers are still unable to find employment or generate income lifting them above the poverty line, according to a new study by LISEP.
‘Informal Economy’ of No Help to Low-wage Earners, LISEP Study Shows
Even when accounting for unreported income, more than one in five American workers are still unable to find employment or generate income lifting them above the poverty line, according to a new study by LISEP.
‘Informal Economy’ of No Help to Low-wage Earners, LISEP Study Shows
‘Off-the-books’ income doesn’t compensate for bad jobs
Even when accounting for unreported income, more than one in five American workers are still unable to find employment or generate income lifting them above the poverty line, according to a new study by LISEP.
‘Informal Economy’ of No Help to Low-wage Earners, LISEP Study Shows
‘Off-the-books’ income doesn’t compensate for bad jobs
Even when accounting for unreported income, more than one in five American workers are still unable to find employment or generate income lifting them above the poverty line, according to a new study by LISEP.
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Bay Area Best Region for Working Households; Fresno Worst, Says Ludwig Institute
The high cost of living is more than offset by high wages in the San Jose and San Francisco markets, making the Bay Area the best performing region for middle- and working-class households in the country’s 50 largest MSAs.
Bay Area Best Region for Working Households; Fresno Worst, Says Ludwig Institute
The high cost of living is more than offset by high wages in the San Jose and San Francisco markets, making the Bay Area the best performing region for middle- and working-class households in the country’s 50 largest MSAs.
Bay Area Best Region for Working Households; Fresno Worst, Says Ludwig Institute
Analysis of 50 most populous MSAs focuses on livability for families
The high cost of living is more than offset by high wages in the San Jose and San Francisco markets, making the Bay Area the best performing region for middle- and working-class households in the country’s 50 largest MSAs.
Bay Area Best Region for Working Households; Fresno Worst, Says Ludwig Institute
Analysis of 50 most populous MSAs focuses on livability for families
The high cost of living is more than offset by high wages in the San Jose and San Francisco markets, making the Bay Area the best performing region for middle- and working-class households in the country’s 50 largest MSAs.
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Some of America’s Costliest Cities Offer Best Middle-Class Life
Some of the most expensive major cities in the U.S. — like San Francisco and Washington — also offer the best living standards for mid- and lower-income households, according to a new study of metro areas by the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity.
Some of America’s Costliest Cities Offer Best Middle-Class Life
Some of the most expensive major cities in the U.S. — like San Francisco and Washington — also offer the best living standards for mid- and lower-income households, according to a new study of metro areas by the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity.
Some of America’s Costliest Cities Offer Best Middle-Class Life
Some of the most expensive major cities in the U.S. — like San Francisco and Washington — also offer the best living standards for mid- and lower-income households, according to a new study of metro areas by the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity.
Some of America’s Costliest Cities Offer Best Middle-Class Life
Some of the most expensive major cities in the U.S. — like San Francisco and Washington — also offer the best living standards for mid- and lower-income households, according to a new study of metro areas by the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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What Is the TRU?
Using data compiled by the federal government’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the True Rate of Unemployment tracks the percentage of the U.S. labor force that does not have a full-time job (35+ hours a week) but wants one, has no job, or does not earn a living wage, conservatively pegged at $20,000 annually before taxes.
Just as an accurate census is a prerequisite to funding American communities equitably, policymakers depend on economic indicators to shape economic policy. LISEP developed the True Rate of Unemployment to provide analysts and decision-makers with a more accurate measure of Americans’ financial well-being.
True
Rate of Unemployment
The True Rate of Unemployment (TRU), as defined by LISEP, measures the percentage of the U.S. labor force that is functionally unemployed.
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Cost of Living

Middle- and working-class families saw the biggest jump in the cost of living since 2004 last year, driven by housing, transportation, and food prices.

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True
Living Cost
6.3
%
Minimum Adequate Needs
Increase 2021–2022
Headline
Inflation Metric
8.0
%
Consumer Price Index
Increase 2021–2022
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Beyond the Median: A Comprehensive Analysis of San Jose's Economy
Despite its reputation for high living costs, the San Francisco Bay Area MSA ranks as a top performer for middle- and working-class families. LISEP delved deeper into the data to uncover the factors driving this outcome.
Beyond the Median: A Comprehensive Analysis of San Jose's Economy
Despite its reputation for high living costs, the San Francisco Bay Area MSA ranks as a top performer for middle- and working-class families. LISEP delved deeper into the data to uncover the factors driving this outcome.
Beyond the Median: A Comprehensive Analysis of San Jose's Economy
Despite its reputation for high living costs, the San Francisco Bay Area MSA ranks as a top performer for middle- and working-class families. LISEP delved deeper into the data to uncover the factors driving this outcome.
Beyond the Median: A Comprehensive Analysis of San Jose's Economy
Despite its reputation for high living costs, the San Francisco Bay Area MSA ranks as a top performer for middle- and working-class families. LISEP delved deeper into the data to uncover the factors driving this outcome.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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Americans Need an Extra $11,400 Today Just to Afford the Basics
The typical American household must spend an additional $11,434 annually just to maintain the same standard of living they enjoyed in January of 2021, right before inflation soared to 40-year highs, according to a recent analysis of government data.
Americans Need an Extra $11,400 Today Just to Afford the Basics
The typical American household must spend an additional $11,434 annually just to maintain the same standard of living they enjoyed in January of 2021, right before inflation soared to 40-year highs, according to a recent analysis of government data.
Americans Need an Extra $11,400 Today Just to Afford the Basics
The typical American household must spend an additional $11,434 annually just to maintain the same standard of living they enjoyed in January of 2021, right before inflation soared to 40-year highs, according to a recent analysis of government data.
Americans Need an Extra $11,400 Today Just to Afford the Basics
The typical American household must spend an additional $11,434 annually just to maintain the same standard of living they enjoyed in January of 2021, right before inflation soared to 40-year highs, according to a recent analysis of government data.
LISEP News
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The Ludwig Report
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The Wrong Basket of Goods
As of July 2023, the Consumer Price Index — an array of goods that includes the costs of food, energy, new and used vehicles, apparel, shelter and medical care — was up 3.2% year-over-year. Core inflation, which excludes food and energy costs, yields a higher increase, at 4.7%. But Gene Ludwig worries that the Fed is looking at the wrong measurement.
The Wrong Basket of Goods
As of July 2023, the Consumer Price Index — an array of goods that includes the costs of food, energy, new and used vehicles, apparel, shelter and medical care — was up 3.2% year-over-year. Core inflation, which excludes food and energy costs, yields a higher increase, at 4.7%. But Gene Ludwig worries that the Fed is looking at the wrong measurement.
The Wrong Basket of Goods
As of July 2023, the Consumer Price Index — an array of goods that includes the costs of food, energy, new and used vehicles, apparel, shelter and medical care — was up 3.2% year-over-year. Core inflation, which excludes food and energy costs, yields a higher increase, at 4.7%. But Gene Ludwig worries that the Fed is looking at the wrong measurement.
The Wrong Basket of Goods
As of July 2023, the Consumer Price Index — an array of goods that includes the costs of food, energy, new and used vehicles, apparel, shelter and medical care — was up 3.2% year-over-year. Core inflation, which excludes food and energy costs, yields a higher increase, at 4.7%. But Gene Ludwig worries that the Fed is looking at the wrong measurement.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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Americans Need a Fairer Measure Than CPI To Reveal Inflation’s True Cost
The most recent U.S. Consumer Price Index rose by its lowest level since March 2021, which to the casual observer, is a sign that inflation is moderating. In an era where the cost of living continues to rise, accurately measuring inflation is not just essential but critical to safeguard Americans’ financial security and well-being.
Americans Need a Fairer Measure Than CPI To Reveal Inflation’s True Cost
The most recent U.S. Consumer Price Index rose by its lowest level since March 2021, which to the casual observer, is a sign that inflation is moderating. In an era where the cost of living continues to rise, accurately measuring inflation is not just essential but critical to safeguard Americans’ financial security and well-being.
Americans Need a Fairer Measure Than CPI To Reveal Inflation’s True Cost
The most recent U.S. Consumer Price Index rose by its lowest level since March 2021, which to the casual observer, is a sign that inflation is moderating. In an era where the cost of living continues to rise, accurately measuring inflation is not just essential but critical to safeguard Americans’ financial security and well-being.
Americans Need a Fairer Measure Than CPI To Reveal Inflation’s True Cost
The most recent U.S. Consumer Price Index rose by its lowest level since March 2021, which to the casual observer, is a sign that inflation is moderating. In an era where the cost of living continues to rise, accurately measuring inflation is not just essential but critical to safeguard Americans’ financial security and well-being.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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The American Dream
How achievable is the American Dream? It’s an emotional question at the core of our national identity. To answer that, the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity has constructed a “Minimal Quality of Life Index.”
The American Dream
How achievable is the American Dream? It’s an emotional question at the core of our national identity. To answer that, the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity has constructed a “Minimal Quality of Life Index.”
The American Dream
How achievable is the American Dream? It’s an emotional question at the core of our national identity. To answer that, the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity has constructed a “Minimal Quality of Life Index.”
The American Dream
How achievable is the American Dream? It’s an emotional question at the core of our national identity. To answer that, the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity has constructed a “Minimal Quality of Life Index.”
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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What Does Our Well-Being Cost?
Some say that the GDP’s consumption, gross investment, and government components measure our well-being. Others, though, suggest alternatives. Over at the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity, they’ve been keeping an eye on the little things in life that make a big difference.
What Does Our Well-Being Cost?
Some say that the GDP’s consumption, gross investment, and government components measure our well-being. Others, though, suggest alternatives. Over at the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity, they’ve been keeping an eye on the little things in life that make a big difference.
What Does Our Well-Being Cost?
Some say that the GDP’s consumption, gross investment, and government components measure our well-being. Others, though, suggest alternatives. Over at the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity, they’ve been keeping an eye on the little things in life that make a big difference.
What Does Our Well-Being Cost?
Some say that the GDP’s consumption, gross investment, and government components measure our well-being. Others, though, suggest alternatives. Over at the Ludwig Institute for Shared Economic Prosperity, they’ve been keeping an eye on the little things in life that make a big difference.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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Why the Shrinking of America’s Recreation Budget Matters
Too many middle- and low- income Americans are slowly but surely having to bid farewell to even the most basic leisure activities.
Why the Shrinking of America’s Recreation Budget Matters
Too many middle- and low- income Americans are slowly but surely having to bid farewell to even the most basic leisure activities.
Why the Shrinking of America’s Recreation Budget Matters
Too many middle- and low- income Americans are slowly but surely having to bid farewell to even the most basic leisure activities.
Why the Shrinking of America’s Recreation Budget Matters
Too many middle- and low- income Americans are slowly but surely having to bid farewell to even the most basic leisure activities.
LISEP News
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The Ludwig Report
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What Is the TLC?
  • Housing
  • Medical care
  • Transportation
  • Food
  • Childcare
  • Technology
  • Miscellaneous (e.g., clothing and personal care items)
The TLC takes into account household size and census region and tracks change in price for this minimal bundle over time.
As a comparison to the TLC, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures rising prices. The CPI better serves as an inflation metric rather than a cost-of-living metric due to the inclusion of luxury items and because it only includes the urban population, among other issues.
Thus, the CPI distorts the reality of changing costs faced by most consumers. LISEP found that the CPI drastically understates changes in living costs for LMI families — the TLC rose nearly 1.5 times faster than the CPI since 2001: 78.8% compared to the CPI’s 54.4%.
Explore the TRU
True
Living Cost
The True Living Cost (TLC), as defined by LISEP, assesses a set of minimal adequate needs that a household requires to function:
Additional Resources:
MQL White Paper
TLC White Paper
TLC Methodology
MQL Methodology
TLC Source Data
×

Earnings

True Weekly Earnings jumped by 1.9% in Q3, from $964 to $982. Women’s earnings, up 3.3%, saw the strongest gains.

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True
Weekly Earnings
$
982
$
51,041
 Annualized
Q3 2024
Headline
Weekly Earnings
$
1,165
$
60,580
 Annualized
Q3 2024
For every dollar of earnings reported by the BLS,
the TWE is ...
For every dollar
earned by White workers
Black workers earn ...
For every dollar
earned by White workers
Hispanic workers earn ...
For every dollar
earned by male workers
female workers earn ...
Download a Summary of
Q3 2024
’s
TWE
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The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
The Economy Through a Political Lens
Ultimately, it’s the everyday economic realities tempered with some good, old-fashioned common sense that translate most reliably into successful political outcomes.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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Investing in America
As the market ebbs in the wake of overlapping crises, how can a modern American Industrial strategy transform key economic sectors, strengthen supply chains, empower workers, and help build the American economy from the ground up?
Investing in America
As the market ebbs in the wake of overlapping crises, how can a modern American Industrial strategy transform key economic sectors, strengthen supply chains, empower workers, and help build the American economy from the ground up?
Investing in America
As the market ebbs in the wake of overlapping crises, how can a modern American Industrial strategy transform key economic sectors, strengthen supply chains, empower workers, and help build the American economy from the ground up?
Investing in America
As the market ebbs in the wake of overlapping crises, how can a modern American Industrial strategy transform key economic sectors, strengthen supply chains, empower workers, and help build the American economy from the ground up?
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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The Tipping Point: Changing the Dynamic for Struggling Gig Economy Workers
Americans are increasingly reliant on the benefits of gig economy companies. But underlying factors within the growing gig economy foretell an increasingly ominous economic environment for gig workers.
The Tipping Point: Changing the Dynamic for Struggling Gig Economy Workers
Americans are increasingly reliant on the benefits of gig economy companies. But underlying factors within the growing gig economy foretell an increasingly ominous economic environment for gig workers.
The Tipping Point: Changing the Dynamic for Struggling Gig Economy Workers
Americans are increasingly reliant on the benefits of gig economy companies. But underlying factors within the growing gig economy foretell an increasingly ominous economic environment for gig workers.
The Tipping Point: Changing the Dynamic for Struggling Gig Economy Workers
Americans are increasingly reliant on the benefits of gig economy companies. But underlying factors within the growing gig economy foretell an increasingly ominous economic environment for gig workers.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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The Need for Government Investment in Childcare
The benefits and pay for many childcare workers are unattractive. But the pay reality for childcare workers is far grimmer than Bureau of Labor Statistics data portrays.
The Need for Government Investment in Childcare
The benefits and pay for many childcare workers are unattractive. But the pay reality for childcare workers is far grimmer than Bureau of Labor Statistics data portrays.
The Need for Government Investment in Childcare
The benefits and pay for many childcare workers are unattractive. But the pay reality for childcare workers is far grimmer than Bureau of Labor Statistics data portrays.
The Need for Government Investment in Childcare
The benefits and pay for many childcare workers are unattractive. But the pay reality for childcare workers is far grimmer than Bureau of Labor Statistics data portrays.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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Why Are We Surprised that Hospitality Workers Are Moving to Other Sectors?
Businesses in the hospitality and leisure sector ought to consider more than just pay if they wish to keep their employees.
Why Are We Surprised that Hospitality Workers Are Moving to Other Sectors?
Businesses in the hospitality and leisure sector ought to consider more than just pay if they wish to keep their employees.
Why Are We Surprised that Hospitality Workers Are Moving to Other Sectors?
Businesses in the hospitality and leisure sector ought to consider more than just pay if they wish to keep their employees.
Why Are We Surprised that Hospitality Workers Are Moving to Other Sectors?
Businesses in the hospitality and leisure sector ought to consider more than just pay if they wish to keep their employees.
LISEP News
LISEP Research
The Ludwig Report
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What Is the TWE?
True
Weekly Earnings
The True Weekly Earnings (TWE), as defined by LISEP, measures the weekly earnings of all members of the workforce — including part time and jobless who are seeking work.
Using data compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), we calculate the median earnings of everyone who is employed or actively seeking employment. Thus, we take the median earnings of the whole U.S. labor force as defined by the BLS.
By comparison, the BLS headline numbers only include those who are employed at full-time jobs. Thus, if a low-income worker moves from full time to part time, or becomes unemployed, the BLS metric will report that earnings have risen, giving a false sense that earnings are getting better. TWE, on the other hand, gives policymakers a more comprehensive indicator of how the job market is performing as a whole.
Note: Both LISEP and BLS exclude the self-employed from their sample for measurement reasons.
Additional Resources:
TWE White Paper
TRU & TWE Methodology
TRU & TWE Source Data
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